Viewed from afar during winter, most gardens appear monochromatic, except for the evergreens and muted colors of stems and branches silhouetted against the snow and sky.
Close-up, many trees exhibit more distinctly colored bark features on their trunks and stems. In the home garden, some of these can add significant appeal to the otherwise bland winter garden.
Among the trees and shrubs offering colorful branches are maples (Acer), cherries (Prunus), Stewartia, several dogwoods (Cornus), tree lilac (Syringa reticulata), Seven-son flower (Heptacodium) and the willows (Salix). The birches (Betula) are familiar trees for many people, and the color of their stems and branches are aptly described by their common names: white, black, gray, red, silver and yellow.
My favorite birch for winter bark appeal is the native river birch (Betula nigra), also called water or black birch. River birch bark appears less white than the more familiar canoe and European birches (B. papyrifera and pendula), but in many aspects it is a superior tree for the home landscape. The silvery bark on the trunks and branches of young trees curls back in paper-like spirals, exposing its distinctive salmon-ivory and cinnamon-pink inner bark. The colors tend to vary somewhat in tone depending upon the age of the tree and cultivar.
Here's Arthur Plotnik's fitting description from "The Urban Tree Book": "River birch bark is naturally platy or flaky; in cultivated varieties, it peels in colorful flakes of brown, salmon, peach, orange and lavender - as if some child had gone wild with crepe paper."
River birch is a vigorous grower with delicate branching and lustrous foliage that is not susceptible to leaf miner damage. It tolerates moist and urban soil conditions and successfully resists the ubiquitous bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius). It grows rapidly and matures gracefully, its bark becoming gray-brown and developing deeply ridged furrows. Few trees are so adaptable for use in such varied garden locations.
In addition to trees grown from seed, several Betula nigra cultivars selected for whiter bark or other superior features are readily available at garden centers, including:
- Heritage "Cully" grows rapidly to 40 feet high or more, with elegant branches that look attractive year-round. This cultivar is considered one of the best pest-resistant birches and has become a landscaping standard in New England. It is widely available as a single trunk tree or in a multi-trunk clump.
